Spring核心之基于Annotation的IOC容器初始化

Spring核心之基于Annotation的IOC容器初始化

基于Annotation的I0C初始化

Annotation的前世今生

从Spring2.0以后的版本中,Spring也引入了基于注解(Annotation)方式的配置,注解(Annotation)是JDK1.5中引入的一个新特性,用于简化Bean的配置,可以取代XML配置文件。

开发人员对注解(Annotation)的态度也是萝卜青菜各有所爱,注解可以大大简化配置,提高开发速度,但也给后期维护增加了难度。目前来说XML方式发展的相对成熟,方便于统一管理。随着Spring Boot的兴起,基于注解的开发甚至实现了零配置。但作为个人的习惯而言,还是倾向于XML配置文件和注解(Annotation)相互配合使用。

SpringIOC容器对于类级别的注解和类内部的注解分以下两种处理策略:

1)类级别的注解:如@Component、@Repository、@Controller、@Service 以及JavaEE6的@ManagedBean和@Named注解,都是添加在类上面的类级别注解,Spring容器根据注解的过滤规则扫描读取注解Bean定义类,并将其注册到SpringIOC容器中。

2)类内部的注解:如@Autowire、@Value、@Resource以及EJB和WebService相关的注解等,都是添加在类内部的字段或者方法上的类内部注解,SpringlOC容器通过Bean后置注解处理器解析Bean内部的注解。下面将根据这两种处理策略,分别分析Spring处理注解相关的源码。

定位Bean扫描路径

在Spring中管理注解Bean定义的容器有两个:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext和AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContex。这两个类是专门处理Spring注解方式配置的容器,直接依赖于注解作为容器配置信息来源的IOC容器。

AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext是AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的Web版本,两者的用法以及对注解的处理方式几乎没有差别。现在以AnnotationConfigApplicationContext为例看看它的源码:

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package org.springframework.context.annotation;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionCustomizer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanNameGenerator;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;

import java.util.function.Supplier;


public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext extends GenericApplicationContext implements AnnotationConfigRegistry {

//保存一个读取注解的Bean定义读取器,并将其设置到容器中
private final AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader reader;

//保存一个扫描指定类路径中注解Bean定义的扫描器,并将其设置到容器中
private final ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner;

//默认构造函数,初始化一个空容器,容器不包含任何 Bean 信息,需要在稍后通过调用其register()
//方法注册配置类,并调用refresh()方法刷新容器,触发容器对注解Bean的载入、解析和注册过程
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext() {
this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
}


public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
super(beanFactory);
this.reader = new AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(this);
this.scanner = new ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(this);
}

//最常用的构造函数,通过将涉及到的配置类传递给该构造函数,以实现将相应配置类中的Bean自动注册到容器中
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Class<?>... annotatedClasses) {
this();
register(annotatedClasses);
refresh();
}

//该构造函数会自动扫描以给定的包及其子包下的所有类,并自动识别所有的Spring Bean,将其注册到容器中
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(String... basePackages) {
this();
scan(basePackages);
refresh();
}


@Override
public void setEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
super.setEnvironment(environment);
this.reader.setEnvironment(environment);
this.scanner.setEnvironment(environment);
}

//为容器的注解Bean读取器和注解Bean扫描器设置Bean名称产生器
public void setBeanNameGenerator(BeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator) {
this.reader.setBeanNameGenerator(beanNameGenerator);
this.scanner.setBeanNameGenerator(beanNameGenerator);
getBeanFactory().registerSingleton(
AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR, beanNameGenerator);
}

//为容器的注解Bean读取器和注解Bean扫描器设置作用范围元信息解析器
public void setScopeMetadataResolver(ScopeMetadataResolver scopeMetadataResolver) {
this.reader.setScopeMetadataResolver(scopeMetadataResolver);
this.scanner.setScopeMetadataResolver(scopeMetadataResolver);
}

//为容器注册一个要被处理的注解Bean,新注册的Bean,必须手动调用容器的
//refresh()方法刷新容器,触发容器对新注册的Bean的处理
public void register(Class<?>... annotatedClasses) {
Assert.notEmpty(annotatedClasses, "At least one annotated class must be specified");
this.reader.register(annotatedClasses);
}


//扫描指定包路径及其子包下的注解类,为了使新添加的类被处理,必须手动调用
//refresh()方法刷新容器
public void scan(String... basePackages) {
Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified");
this.scanner.scan(basePackages);
}


public <T> void registerBean(Class<T> annotatedClass, Object... constructorArguments) {
registerBean(null, annotatedClass, constructorArguments);
}

public <T> void registerBean(@Nullable String beanName, Class<T> annotatedClass, Object... constructorArguments) {
this.reader.doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, null, beanName, null,
bd -> {
for (Object arg : constructorArguments) {
bd.getConstructorArgumentValues().addGenericArgumentValue(arg);
}
});
}

@Override
public <T> void registerBean(@Nullable String beanName, Class<T> beanClass, @Nullable Supplier<T> supplier,
BeanDefinitionCustomizer... customizers) {

this.reader.doRegisterBean(beanClass, supplier, beanName, null, customizers);
}

}

通过上面的源码分析,我们可以看啊到Spring对注解的处理分为两种方式:

1)直接将注解Bean注册到容器中

可以在初始化容器时注册;也可以在容器创建之后手动调用注册方法向容器注册,然后通过手动刷新容器,使得容器能解Bean进行处理。

2)通过扫描指定的包及其子包下的所有类

在初始化注解容器时指定要自动扫描的路径,如果容器创建以后向指定路径动态添加了注解Bean,则需要手动调用容器扫描的方法,然后手动刷新容器,使得容器对所注册的Bean进行处理。

接下来,将会对两种处理方式详细分析其实现过程。

读取Annotation元数据

当创建注解处理容器时,如果传入的初始参数是具体的注解Bean定义类时,注解容器读取并注册。

1)AnnotationConfigApplicationContext通过调用注解Bean定义读取器

AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader的register()方法向容器注册指定的注解Bean,注解Bean定义读取器向容器注册注解Bean的源码如下:

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//注册多个注解Bean定义类
public void register(Class<?>... annotatedClasses) {
for (Class<?> annotatedClass : annotatedClasses) {
registerBean(annotatedClass);
}
}

//注册一个注解Bean定义类
public void registerBean(Class<?> annotatedClass) {
doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, null, null, null);
}

public <T> void registerBean(Class<T> annotatedClass, @Nullable Supplier<T> instanceSupplier) {
doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, instanceSupplier, null, null);
}

public <T> void registerBean(Class<T> annotatedClass, String name, @Nullable Supplier<T> instanceSupplier) {
doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, instanceSupplier, name, null);
}

//Bean定义读取器注册注解Bean定义的入口方法
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void registerBean(Class<?> annotatedClass, Class<? extends Annotation>... qualifiers) {
doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, null, null, qualifiers);
}

//Bean定义读取器向容器注册注解Bean定义类
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void registerBean(Class<?> annotatedClass, String name, Class<? extends Annotation>... qualifiers) {
doRegisterBean(annotatedClass, null, name, qualifiers);
}

//Bean定义读取器向容器注册注解Bean定义类
<T> void doRegisterBean(Class<T> annotatedClass, @Nullable Supplier<T> instanceSupplier, @Nullable String name,
@Nullable Class<? extends Annotation>[] qualifiers, BeanDefinitionCustomizer... definitionCustomizers) {

//根据指定的注解Bean定义类,创建Spring容器中对注解Bean的封装的数据结构
AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition abd = new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(annotatedClass);
if (this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(abd.getMetadata())) {
return;
}

abd.setInstanceSupplier(instanceSupplier);
//========第一步===========================

//解析注解Bean定义的作用域,若@Scope("prototype"),则Bean为原型类型;
//若@Scope("singleton"),则Bean为单态类型
ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = this.scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(abd);
//为注解Bean定义设置作用域
abd.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName());
//为注解Bean定义生成Bean名称
String beanName = (name != null ? name : this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(abd, this.registry));


//========第二步===========================
//处理注解Bean定义中的通用注解
AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(abd);
//如果在向容器注册注解Bean定义时,使用了额外的限定符注解,则解析限定符注解。
//主要是配置的关于autowiring自动依赖注入装配的限定条件,即@Qualifier注解
//Spring自动依赖注入装配默认是按类型装配,如果使用@Qualifier则按名称
if (qualifiers != null) {
for (Class<? extends Annotation> qualifier : qualifiers) {
//如果配置了@Primary注解,设置该Bean为autowiring自动依赖注入装//配时的首选
if (Primary.class == qualifier) {
abd.setPrimary(true);
}
//如果配置了@Lazy注解,则设置该Bean为非延迟初始化,如果没有配置,
//则该Bean为预实例化
else if (Lazy.class == qualifier) {
abd.setLazyInit(true);
}
//如果使用了除@Primary和@Lazy以外的其他注解,则为该Bean添加一
//个autowiring自动依赖注入装配限定符,该Bean在进autowiring
//自动依赖注入装配时,根据名称装配限定符指定的Bean
else {
abd.addQualifier(new AutowireCandidateQualifier(qualifier));
}
}
}
for (BeanDefinitionCustomizer customizer : definitionCustomizers) {
customizer.customize(abd);
}

//创建一个指定Bean名称的Bean定义对象,封装注解Bean定义类数据
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(abd, beanName);
//========第三步===========================
//根据注解Bean定义类中配置的作用域,创建相应的代理对象
definitionHolder = AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry);
//========第四步===========================
//向IOC容器注册注解Bean类定义对象
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, this.registry);
}

从上面的源码我们可以看出,注册注解Bean定义类的基本步骤:

a、需要使用注解元数据解析器解析注解Bean中关于作用域的配置。

b、使用AnnotationConfigUtils的processCommonDefinitionAnnotations()方法处理注解Bean定义类中通用的注解。

c、使用AnnotationConfigUtils的applyScopedProxyMode()方法创建对于作用域的代理对象。

d、通过BeanDefinitionReaderUtils向容器注册Bean。

下面继续分析这4步的具体实现过程

2)AnnotationScopeMetadataResolver解析作用域元数据

AnnotationScopeMetadataResolver通过resolveScopeMetadata()方法解析注解Bean定义类的作用域元信息,即判断注册的Bean是原生类型(prototype)还是单态(singleton)类型,其源码如下:

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//解析注解Bean定义类中的作用域元信息
@Override
public ScopeMetadata resolveScopeMetadata(BeanDefinition definition) {
ScopeMetadata metadata = new ScopeMetadata();
if (definition instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
AnnotatedBeanDefinition annDef = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) definition;
//从注解Bean定义类的属性中查找属性为”Scope”的值,即@Scope注解的值
//AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor()方法将Bean中所有的注解和注解的值存放在一个map集合中
AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationConfigUtils.attributesFor(
annDef.getMetadata(), this.scopeAnnotationType);
//将获取到的@Scope注解的值设置到要返回的对象中
if (attributes != null) {
metadata.setScopeName(attributes.getString("value"));
//获取@Scope注解中的proxyMode属性值,在创建代理对象时会用到
ScopedProxyMode proxyMode = attributes.getEnum("proxyMode");
//如果@Scope的proxyMode属性为DEFAULT或者NO
if (proxyMode == ScopedProxyMode.DEFAULT) {
//设置proxyMode为NO
proxyMode = this.defaultProxyMode;
}
//为返回的元数据设置proxyMode
metadata.setScopedProxyMode(proxyMode);
}
}
//返回解析的作用域元信息对象
return metadata;
}

上述代码中的annDef.getMetadata().getAnnotationAttributes()方法就是获取对象中指定类型的注解的值。

3)AnnotationConfigUtils处理注解Bean定义类中的通用注解

AnnotationConfigUtils类的processCommonDefinitionAnnotations()在向容器注册Bean之前,首
先对注解Bean定义类中的通用Spring注解进行处理,源码如下:

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public static void processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(AnnotatedBeanDefinition abd) {
processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(abd, abd.getMetadata());
}

//处理Bean定义中通用注解
static void processCommonDefinitionAnnotations(AnnotatedBeanDefinition abd, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
AnnotationAttributes lazy = attributesFor(metadata, Lazy.class);
//如果Bean定义中有@Lazy注解,则将该Bean预实例化属性设置为@lazy注解的值
if (lazy != null) {
abd.setLazyInit(lazy.getBoolean("value"));
}

else if (abd.getMetadata() != metadata) {
lazy = attributesFor(abd.getMetadata(), Lazy.class);
if (lazy != null) {
abd.setLazyInit(lazy.getBoolean("value"));
}
}
//如果Bean定义中有@Primary注解,则为该Bean设置为autowiring自动依赖注入装配的首选对象
if (metadata.isAnnotated(Primary.class.getName())) {
abd.setPrimary(true);
}
//如果Bean定义中有@DependsOn注解,则为该Bean设置所依赖的Bean名称,
//容器将确保在实例化该Bean之前首先实例化所依赖的Bean
AnnotationAttributes dependsOn = attributesFor(metadata, DependsOn.class);
if (dependsOn != null) {
abd.setDependsOn(dependsOn.getStringArray("value"));
}

if (abd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
AbstractBeanDefinition absBd = (AbstractBeanDefinition) abd;
AnnotationAttributes role = attributesFor(metadata, Role.class);
if (role != null) {
absBd.setRole(role.getNumber("value").intValue());
}
AnnotationAttributes description = attributesFor(metadata, Description.class);
if (description != null) {
absBd.setDescription(description.getString("value"));
}
}
}

4)AnnotationConfigUtils根据注解Bean定义类中配置的作用域为其应用相应的代理策略

AnnotationConfigUtils类的applyScopedProxyMode()方法根据注解Bean定义类中配置的作用域 @Scope注解的值,为Bean定义应用相应的代理模式,主要是在Spring面向切面编程(AOP)中使用。 源码如下:

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//根据作用域为Bean应用引用的代码模式
static BeanDefinitionHolder applyScopedProxyMode(
ScopeMetadata metadata, BeanDefinitionHolder definition, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {

//获取注解Bean定义类中@Scope注解的proxyMode属性值
ScopedProxyMode scopedProxyMode = metadata.getScopedProxyMode();
//如果配置的@Scope注解的proxyMode属性值为NO,则不应用代理模式
if (scopedProxyMode.equals(ScopedProxyMode.NO)) {
return definition;
}
//获取配置的@Scope注解的proxyMode属性值,如果为TARGET_CLASS
//则返回true,如果为INTERFACES,则返回false
boolean proxyTargetClass = scopedProxyMode.equals(ScopedProxyMode.TARGET_CLASS);
//为注册的Bean创建相应模式的代理对象
return ScopedProxyCreator.createScopedProxy(definition, registry, proxyTargetClass);
}

5)BeanDefinitionReaderUtils向容器注册Bean

BeanDefinitionReaderUtils 主要是校验BeanDefinition信息,然后将Bean添加到容器中一个管理BeanDefinition的HashMap中。

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//将解析的BeanDefinitionHold注册到容器中
public static void registerBeanDefinition(
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

// Register bean definition under primary name.
//获取解析的BeanDefinition的名称
String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
//向IOC容器注册BeanDefinition
registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());

// Register aliases for bean name, if any.
//如果解析的BeanDefinition有别名,向容器为其注册别名
String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
if (aliases != null) {
for (String alias : aliases) {
registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
}
}
}

扫描指定包并解析为BeanDefinition

当创建注解处理容器时,如果传入的初始参数是注解Bean定义类所在的包时,注解容器将扫描给定的包及其子包,将扫描到的注解Bean定义载入并注册。

1)ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner扫描给定的包及其子包

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext通过调用类路径Bean定义扫描器

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//该构造函数会自动扫描以给定的包及其子包下的所有类,并自动识别所有的Spring Bean,将其注册到容器中
public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(String... basePackages) {
this();
scan(basePackages);
refresh();
}

//扫描指定包路径及其子包下的注解类,为了使新添加的类被处理,必须手动调用
//refresh()方法刷新容器
public void scan(String... basePackages) {
Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified");
// 该scanner 为 ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner
this.scanner.scan(basePackages);
}

ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner扫描给定包及其子包下的所有类,主要源码如下:

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	//创建一个类路径Bean定义扫描器
public ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
this(registry, true);
}

//为容器创建一个类路径Bean定义扫描器,并指定是否使用默认的扫描过滤规则。
//即Spring默认扫描配置:@Component、@Repository、@Service、@Controller
//注解的Bean,同时也支持JavaEE6的@ManagedBean和JSR-330的@Named注解
public ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, boolean useDefaultFilters) {
this(registry, useDefaultFilters, getOrCreateEnvironment(registry));
}

//调用类路径Bean定义扫描器入口方法
public int scan(String... basePackages) {
//获取容器中已经注册的Bean个数
int beanCountAtScanStart = this.registry.getBeanDefinitionCount();

//启动扫描器扫描给定包
doScan(basePackages);

// Register annotation config processors, if necessary.
//注册注解配置(Annotation config)处理器
if (this.includeAnnotationConfig) {
AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(this.registry);
}

//返回注册的Bean个数
return (this.registry.getBeanDefinitionCount() - beanCountAtScanStart);
}

//类路径Bean定义扫描器扫描给定包及其子包
protected Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) {
Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified");
//创建一个集合,存放扫描到Bean定义的封装类
Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
//遍历扫描所有给定的包
for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
//调用父类ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider的方法
//扫描给定类路径,获取符合条件的Bean定义
Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
//遍历扫描到的Bean
for (BeanDefinition candidate : candidates) {
//获取Bean定义类中@Scope注解的值,即获取Bean的作用域
ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = this.scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(candidate);
//为Bean设置注解配置的作用域
candidate.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName());
//为Bean生成名称
String beanName = this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(candidate, this.registry);
//如果扫描到的Bean不是Spring的注解Bean,则为Bean设置默认值,
//设置Bean的自动依赖注入装配属性等
if (candidate instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
postProcessBeanDefinition((AbstractBeanDefinition) candidate, beanName);
}
//如果扫描到的Bean是Spring的注解Bean,则处理其通用的Spring注解
if (candidate instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
//处理注解Bean中通用的注解,在分析注解Bean定义类读取器时已经分析过
AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidate);
}
//根据Bean名称检查指定的Bean是否需要在容器中注册,或者在容器中冲突
if (checkCandidate(beanName, candidate)) {
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(candidate, beanName);
//根据注解中配置的作用域,为Bean应用相应的代理模式
definitionHolder =
AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry);
beanDefinitions.add(definitionHolder);
//向容器注册扫描到的Bean
registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, this.registry);
}
}
}
return beanDefinitions;
}

类路径Bean定义扫描器ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner主要通过findCandidateComponents()方法调用其父类ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider类来扫描获取给定包及其子包下的类。

2)ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider扫描给定包及其子包的类

ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider类的findCandidateComponents()方法具体实现扫描给定类路径包的功能,主要源码如下:

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public class ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider implements EnvironmentCapable, ResourceLoaderAware {

static final String DEFAULT_RESOURCE_PATTERN = "**/*.class";

protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());

private String resourcePattern = DEFAULT_RESOURCE_PATTERN;

//保存过滤规则要包含的注解,即Spring默认的@Component、@Repository、@Service、
//@Controller注解的Bean,以及JavaEE6的@ManagedBean和JSR-330的@Named注解
private final List<TypeFilter> includeFilters = new LinkedList<>();

//保存过滤规则要排除的注解
private final List<TypeFilter> excludeFilters = new LinkedList<>();

@Nullable
private Environment environment;

@Nullable
private ConditionEvaluator conditionEvaluator;

@Nullable
private ResourcePatternResolver resourcePatternResolver;

@Nullable
private MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory;

@Nullable
private CandidateComponentsIndex componentsIndex;


/**
* Protected constructor for flexible subclass initialization.
* @since 4.3.6
*/
protected ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider() {
}

//构造方法,该方法在子类ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner的构造方法中被调用
public ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider(boolean useDefaultFilters) {
this(useDefaultFilters, new StandardEnvironment());
}

public ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider(boolean useDefaultFilters, Environment environment) {
//如果使用Spring默认的过滤规则,则向容器注册过滤规则
if (useDefaultFilters) {
registerDefaultFilters();
}
setEnvironment(environment);
setResourceLoader(null);
}

public void setResourcePattern(String resourcePattern) {
Assert.notNull(resourcePattern, "'resourcePattern' must not be null");
this.resourcePattern = resourcePattern;
}

/**
* Add an include type filter to the <i>end</i> of the inclusion list.
*/
public void addIncludeFilter(TypeFilter includeFilter) {
this.includeFilters.add(includeFilter);
}

/**
* Add an exclude type filter to the <i>front</i> of the exclusion list.
*/
public void addExcludeFilter(TypeFilter excludeFilter) {
this.excludeFilters.add(0, excludeFilter);
}
public void resetFilters(boolean useDefaultFilters) {
this.includeFilters.clear();
this.excludeFilters.clear();
if (useDefaultFilters) {
registerDefaultFilters();
}
}

//向容器注册过滤规则
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected void registerDefaultFilters() {
//向要包含的过滤规则中添加@Component注解类,注意Spring中@Repository
//@Service和@Controller都是Component,因为这些注解都添加了@Component注解
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Component.class));
//获取当前类的类加载器
ClassLoader cl = ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.class.getClassLoader();
try {
//向要包含的过滤规则添加JavaEE6的@ManagedBean注解
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(
((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.annotation.ManagedBean", cl)), false));
logger.debug("JSR-250 'javax.annotation.ManagedBean' found and supported for component scanning");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-250 1.1 API (as included in Java EE 6) not available - simply skip.
}
try {
//向要包含的过滤规则添加@Named注解
this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(
((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Named", cl)), false));
logger.debug("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Named' annotation found and supported for component scanning");
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
}
}

public void setEnvironment(Environment environment) {
Assert.notNull(environment, "Environment must not be null");
this.environment = environment;
this.conditionEvaluator = null;
}

@Override
public final Environment getEnvironment() {
if (this.environment == null) {
this.environment = new StandardEnvironment();
}
return this.environment;
}

/**
* Return the {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} used by this scanner, if any.
*/
@Nullable
protected BeanDefinitionRegistry getRegistry() {
return null;
}

@Override
public void setResourceLoader(@Nullable ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
this.resourcePatternResolver = ResourcePatternUtils.getResourcePatternResolver(resourceLoader);
this.metadataReaderFactory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory(resourceLoader);
this.componentsIndex = CandidateComponentsIndexLoader.loadIndex(this.resourcePatternResolver.getClassLoader());
}

/**
* Return the ResourceLoader that this component provider uses.
*/
public final ResourceLoader getResourceLoader() {
return getResourcePatternResolver();
}

private ResourcePatternResolver getResourcePatternResolver() {
if (this.resourcePatternResolver == null) {
this.resourcePatternResolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
}
return this.resourcePatternResolver;
}

public void setMetadataReaderFactory(MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) {
this.metadataReaderFactory = metadataReaderFactory;
}

/**
* Return the MetadataReaderFactory used by this component provider.
*/
public final MetadataReaderFactory getMetadataReaderFactory() {
if (this.metadataReaderFactory == null) {
this.metadataReaderFactory = new CachingMetadataReaderFactory();
}
return this.metadataReaderFactory;
}

//扫描给定类路径的包
public Set<BeanDefinition> findCandidateComponents(String basePackage) {
if (this.componentsIndex != null && indexSupportsIncludeFilters()) {
return addCandidateComponentsFromIndex(this.componentsIndex, basePackage);
}
else {
return scanCandidateComponents(basePackage);
}
}

private boolean indexSupportsIncludeFilters() {
for (TypeFilter includeFilter : this.includeFilters) {
if (!indexSupportsIncludeFilter(includeFilter)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

private boolean indexSupportsIncludeFilter(TypeFilter filter) {
if (filter instanceof AnnotationTypeFilter) {
Class<? extends Annotation> annotation = ((AnnotationTypeFilter) filter).getAnnotationType();
return (AnnotationUtils.isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(Indexed.class, annotation) ||
annotation.getName().startsWith("javax."));
}
if (filter instanceof AssignableTypeFilter) {
Class<?> target = ((AssignableTypeFilter) filter).getTargetType();
return AnnotationUtils.isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(Indexed.class, target);
}
return false;
}

@Nullable
private String extractStereotype(TypeFilter filter) {
if (filter instanceof AnnotationTypeFilter) {
return ((AnnotationTypeFilter) filter).getAnnotationType().getName();
}
if (filter instanceof AssignableTypeFilter) {
return ((AssignableTypeFilter) filter).getTargetType().getName();
}
return null;
}

private Set<BeanDefinition> addCandidateComponentsFromIndex(CandidateComponentsIndex index, String basePackage) {
//创建存储扫描到的类的集合
Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>();
try {
Set<String> types = new HashSet<>();
for (TypeFilter filter : this.includeFilters) {
String stereotype = extractStereotype(filter);
if (stereotype == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to extract stereotype from "+ filter);
}
types.addAll(index.getCandidateTypes(basePackage, stereotype));
}
boolean traceEnabled = logger.isTraceEnabled();
boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
for (String type : types) {
//为指定资源获取元数据读取器,元信息读取器通过汇编(ASM)读//取资源元信息
MetadataReader metadataReader = getMetadataReaderFactory().getMetadataReader(type);
//如果扫描到的类符合容器配置的过滤规则
if (isCandidateComponent(metadataReader)) {
//通过汇编(ASM)读取资源字节码中的Bean定义元信息
AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition sbd = new AnnotatedGenericBeanDefinition(
metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata());
if (isCandidateComponent(sbd)) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Using candidate component class from index: " + type);
}
candidates.add(sbd);
}
else {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Ignored because not a concrete top-level class: " + type);
}
}
}
else {
if (traceEnabled) {
logger.trace("Ignored because matching an exclude filter: " + type);
}
}
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException("I/O failure during classpath scanning", ex);
}
return candidates;
}

private Set<BeanDefinition> scanCandidateComponents(String basePackage) {
Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>();
try {
String packageSearchPath = ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX +
resolveBasePackage(basePackage) + '/' + this.resourcePattern;
Resource[] resources = getResourcePatternResolver().getResources(packageSearchPath);
boolean traceEnabled = logger.isTraceEnabled();
boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
for (Resource resource : resources) {
if (traceEnabled) {
logger.trace("Scanning " + resource);
}
if (resource.isReadable()) {
try {
MetadataReader metadataReader = getMetadataReaderFactory().getMetadataReader(resource);
if (isCandidateComponent(metadataReader)) {
ScannedGenericBeanDefinition sbd = new ScannedGenericBeanDefinition(metadataReader);
sbd.setResource(resource);
sbd.setSource(resource);
if (isCandidateComponent(sbd)) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Identified candidate component class: " + resource);
}
candidates.add(sbd);
}
else {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Ignored because not a concrete top-level class: " + resource);
}
}
}
else {
if (traceEnabled) {
logger.trace("Ignored because not matching any filter: " + resource);
}
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Failed to read candidate component class: " + resource, ex);
}
}
else {
if (traceEnabled) {
logger.trace("Ignored because not readable: " + resource);
}
}
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException("I/O failure during classpath scanning", ex);
}
return candidates;
}


protected String resolveBasePackage(String basePackage) {
return ClassUtils.convertClassNameToResourcePath(getEnvironment().resolveRequiredPlaceholders(basePackage));
}

//判断元信息读取器读取的类是否符合容器定义的注解过滤规则
protected boolean isCandidateComponent(MetadataReader metadataReader) throws IOException {
//如果读取的类的注解在排除注解过滤规则中,返回false
for (TypeFilter tf : this.excludeFilters) {
if (tf.match(metadataReader, getMetadataReaderFactory())) {
return false;
}
}
//如果读取的类的注解在包含的注解的过滤规则中,则返回ture
for (TypeFilter tf : this.includeFilters) {
if (tf.match(metadataReader, getMetadataReaderFactory())) {
return isConditionMatch(metadataReader);
}
}
//如果读取的类的注解既不在排除规则,也不在包含规则中,则返回false
return false;
}

private boolean isConditionMatch(MetadataReader metadataReader) {
if (this.conditionEvaluator == null) {
this.conditionEvaluator =
new ConditionEvaluator(getRegistry(), this.environment, this.resourcePatternResolver);
}
return !this.conditionEvaluator.shouldSkip(metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata());
}

protected boolean isCandidateComponent(AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition) {
AnnotationMetadata metadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
return (metadata.isIndependent() && (metadata.isConcrete() ||
(metadata.isAbstract() && metadata.hasAnnotatedMethods(Lookup.class.getName()))));
}


/**
* Clear the local metadata cache, if any, removing all cached class metadata.
*/
public void clearCache() {
if (this.metadataReaderFactory instanceof CachingMetadataReaderFactory) {
// Clear cache in externally provided MetadataReaderFactory; this is a no-op
// for a shared cache since it'll be cleared by the ApplicationContext.
((CachingMetadataReaderFactory) this.metadataReaderFactory).clearCache();
}
}

}

注册注解BeanDefinition

AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext是AnnotationConfigApplicationContext的Web版,它们对于注解Bean的注册和扫描是基本相同的,但是AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext对注解Bean定义的载入稍有不同,AnnotationConfiqWebApplicationContext注入注解Bean定义源码如下:

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//载入注解Bean定义资源
@Override
protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
//为容器设置注解Bean定义读取器
AnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader reader = getAnnotatedBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
//为容器设置类路径Bean定义扫描器
ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = getClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(beanFactory);

//获取容器的Bean名称生成器
BeanNameGenerator beanNameGenerator = getBeanNameGenerator();
//为注解Bean定义读取器和类路径扫描器设置Bean名称生成器
if (beanNameGenerator != null) {
reader.setBeanNameGenerator(beanNameGenerator);
scanner.setBeanNameGenerator(beanNameGenerator);
beanFactory.registerSingleton(AnnotationConfigUtils.CONFIGURATION_BEAN_NAME_GENERATOR, beanNameGenerator);
}

//获取容器的作用域元信息解析器
ScopeMetadataResolver scopeMetadataResolver = getScopeMetadataResolver();
//为注解Bean定义读取器和类路径扫描器设置作用域元信息解析器
if (scopeMetadataResolver != null) {
reader.setScopeMetadataResolver(scopeMetadataResolver);
scanner.setScopeMetadataResolver(scopeMetadataResolver);
}

if (!this.annotatedClasses.isEmpty()) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Registering annotated classes: [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(this.annotatedClasses) + "]");
}
reader.register(this.annotatedClasses.toArray(new Class<?>[this.annotatedClasses.size()]));
}

if (!this.basePackages.isEmpty()) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Scanning base packages: [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(this.basePackages) + "]");
}
scanner.scan(this.basePackages.toArray(new String[this.basePackages.size()]));
}

//获取容器定义的Bean定义资源路径
String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
//如果定位的Bean定义资源路径不为空
if (configLocations != null) {
for (String configLocation : configLocations) {
try {
//使用当前容器的类加载器加载定位路径的字节码类文件
Class<?> clazz = ClassUtils.forName(configLocation, getClassLoader());
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Successfully resolved class for [" + configLocation + "]");
}
reader.register(clazz);
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Could not load class for config location [" + configLocation +
"] - trying package scan. " + ex);
}
//如果容器类加载器加载定义路径的Bean定义资源失败
//则启用容器类路径扫描器扫描给定路径包及其子包中的类
int count = scanner.scan(configLocation);
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
if (count == 0) {
logger.info("No annotated classes found for specified class/package [" + configLocation + "]");
}
else {
logger.info("Found " + count + " annotated classes in package [" + configLocation + "]");
}
}
}
}
}
}

IOC容器初始化小结

总结一下I0C容器初始化的基本步骤:

1、初始化的入口在容器实现中的refresh()调用来完成。

2、对Bean定义载入IOC容器使用的方法是loadBeanDefinition(),其中的大致过程如下:

通过ResourceLoader来完成资源文件位置的定位,DefaultResourceloader是默认的实现,同时上下文本身就给出了Resourceloader的实现,可以从类路径,文件系统,URL等方式来定位资源位置。如果是XmlBeanFactory作为IOC容器,那么需要为它指定Bean定义的资源,也就是说Bean定义文件时通过抽象成Resource来被IOC容器处理的,容器通过BeanDefinitionReader 来完成定义信息的解析和Bean信息的注册,往往使用的是XmlBeanDefinitionReader来解析Bean的XML定义文件。

实际的处理过程是委托给BeanDefinitionParserDelegate来完成的,从而得到bean的定义信息,这些信息在Spring中使用BeanDefinition对象来表示,这个名字可以想到loadBeanDefinition(),registerBeanDefinition()这些相关方法。

它们都是为处理BeanDefinitin服务的,容器解析得到BeanDefinition以后,需要把它在IOC容器中注册,这由IOC实现BeanDefinitionRegistry接口来实现。注册过程就是在IOC容器内部维护的一个HashMap来保存得到的BeanDefinition的过程。这个HashMap是I0C容器持有Bean信息的场所,以后对Bean的操作都是围绕这个HashMap来实现的。

然后我们就可以通过BeanFactory和ApplicationContext来使用SpringIOC的服务了,在使用IOC容器的时候,我们注意到除了少量粘合代码,绝大多数以正确IOC风格编写的应用程序代码完全不用关心如何到达工厂,因为容器将把这些对象与容器管理的其他对象钩在一起。基本的策略是把工厂放到已知的地方,最好是放在对预期使用的上下文有意义的地方,以及代码将实际需要访问工厂的地方。

Spring本身提供了对声明式载入web应用程序用法的应用程序上下文,并将其存储在ServletContext中的框架实现。

容器初始化全过程的时序图:

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